Ph.D., 1985, University of Kansas
Department of Systematics and Ecology
M.A., 1984, University of Kansas
Department of Mathematics
M.S., 1979, University of Wisconsin-Madison
Department of Wildlife Ecology
B.S., 1976, Oregon State University
Department of Fisheries and Wildlife

Phone: (412) 622-5591
Fax: (412) 622-8837
Email: livezeyb@CarnegieMNH.org

Corrections, notes, and suggestions regarding the character matrix used in Livezey & Zusi (2006,2007)

General Research Interests:

• Phylogenetic Relationships of Avian Families
• Phylogenetic Relationships of Waterfowl
• Evolution of Avian Flightlessness
• Comparative Osteology of Birds
• Multivariate Morphometrics
• Avian Paleontology

Research Emphases:

• Evolution of avian flightlessness: Anatomy and ecology of multiple, independent losses of flight in birds, with current studies focusing on the rails (Gruiformes: Rallidae) within the context of a comprehensive estimate of the evolutionary history of the family.
• Phylogenetics of waterfowl: Evolutionary history, biogeography, and life-historical correlates of the fossil and modern species of ducks, geese, and swans of the world.
• Higher-order relationships of birds: Reconstruction of the phylogeny of modern and fossil avian families using comparative anatomy and modern cladistic techniques.

Recent Publications:

• Livezey, B. C., and R. L. Zusi. 2007. Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comparative anatomy: II. – Analysis and discussion. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 149: 1–94. Can be accessed for free from the Linnean Society Web site at www.blackwell-synergy.com.
  
  
• Livezey, B. C., and R. L. Zusi. 2006. Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comparative anatomy: I. – Methods and characters. Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History.
  37: 1–544 (CD enclosed). Click here for ordering information on Bulletin #37.
  
  

• Zusi, R. L., and B. C. Livezey. 2006. Variation in the os palatinum and its structural relation to the palatum osseum of birds (Aves). Annals of Carnegie Museum. 75: 137–180.
  
  
• Livezey, B. C. 2003. Avian spirit collections: attitudes, importance, and prospects. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Union 123A: 35–51. Click here for PDF (127 Kb).
  
  
• Livezey, B. C. 2003. Millennial status report as debate wanes [review, Chiappe and Witmer 2002]. Science 299: 1664–1665. Click here for PDF (445 Kb).
  
  
• Livezey, B. C. 2003. Evolution of flightlessness in rails (Gruiformes: Rallidae): phylogenetic, ecomorphological, and ontogenetic perspectives. Ornithological Monographs 53: 1–654.
  
  
• Livezey, B. C., and R. L. Zusi. 2001. Higher-order phylogenetics of modern Aves based on comparative anatomy. Netherlands Journal of Zoology 51: 179–206.
  
  
• Livezey, B. C. 1998. A phylogenetic analysis of the Gruiformes (Aves) based on morphological characters, with an emphasis on the rails (Rallidae). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (Ser. B) 353: 1–72.
  
  
• Livezey, B. C. 1997. A phylogenetic analysis of basal Anseriformes, the fossil Presbyornis, and the interordinal relationships of waterfowl. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 121: 361–428.
  
  
• Livezey, B. C. 1997. A phylogenetic classification of waterfowl (Aves: Anseriformes), including selected fossil species. Annals of Carnegie Museum 66: 455–494.
  
  
• Livezey, B. C. 1997. A phylogenetic analysis of modern shelducks and sheldgeese (Anatidae, Tadornini). Ibis 139: 51–66.
  
  
• Livezey, B. C. 1996. A phylogenetic analysis of modern pochards (Anatidae: Aythyini). Auk 113: 74–93.
  
  
• Livezey, B. C. 1996. A phylogenetic reassessment of the tadornine–anatine divergence (Aves: Anseriformes: Anatidae). Annals of Carnegie Museum 65: 27–88.
  
  
• Livezey, B. C. 1996. A phylogenetic analysis of the geese and swans (Anseriformes: Anserinae), including selected fossil species. Systematic Biology 45: 15–50.
  
  
• Livezey, B. C. 1995. Phylogeny and evolutionary ecology of modern seaducks (Anatidae: Mergini). Condor 97: 233–255.
  
  
• Livezey, B. C. 1995. Phylogeny and comparative ecology of stiff-tailed ducks (Anatidae: Oxyurini). Wilson Bulletin 107: 214–234.
  
  
• Livezey, B. C. 1995. Heterochrony and the evolution of avian flightlessness. Pp. 169–193 in Evolutionary Change and Heterochrony (K. J. McNamara, ed.). J. Wiley, London.
  
  
• Livezey, B. C. 1993. An ecomorphological review of the dodo (Raphus cucullatus) and solitaire (Pezophaps solitaria), flightless Columbiformes of the Mascarene Islands. Journal of Zoology (London) 230: 247–292.
  
  
• Livezey, B. C. 1992. Morphological corollaries and ecological implications of flightlessness in the Kakapo (Psittaciformes: Strigops habroptilus). Journal of Morphol. 213: 105–145.
  
  
• Livezey, B. C. 1992. Flightlessness in the Galápagos Cormorant (Compsohalieus [Nannopterum] harrisi): heterochrony, giantism, and specialization. Zool. J. Linnean Soc. 105: 155–224.
  
  
• Livezey, B. C. 1991. A phylogenetic analysis and classification of Recent dabbling ducks (Tribe Anatini) based on comparative morphology. Auk 108: 471–508.
  
  
• Livezey, B. C. 1990. Evolutionary morphology of flightlessness in the Auckland Islands Teal. Condor 92: 639–673.
  
  
• Livezey, B. C. 1989. Phylogenetic relationships and incipient flightlessness of the extinct Auckland Islands Merganser. Wilson Bull. 101: 410–435.
  
  
• Livezey, B. C. 1989. Morphometric patterns in Recent and fossil penguins (Aves, Sphenisciformes). Journal of Zoology (London) 219: 269–307.
  
  
• Livezey, B. C. 1988. Morphometrics of flightlessness in the Alcidae. Auk 105: 681–698.
  
  
• Livezey, B. C., and P.S. Humphrey. 1986. Flightlessness in steamer-ducks (Anatidae: Tachyeres): its morphological bases and probable evolution. Evolution 40: 540–558.

Corrections, notes, and suggestions regarding the character matrix used in Livezey & Zusi (2006,2007):

For these and other updates, consult: http://www.CarnegieMNH.org/birds/livezey.html

1. Character 1332 has been found to contain a coding problem, and it is recommended by the authors that subsequent users of the data matrix exclude character 1332 from analysis. Fortunately, effects of this single erroneous character were miniscule, and exclusion did not alter the topology recovered by Livezey & Zusi (2007); small numerical changes in some summary or nodal statistics, however, are possible.

2. As should be obvious to most readers, references in the Bulletin to Livezey & Zusi (2006) in fact correspond to Livezey & Zusi (2007), as the second, analytical part of the study appeared later than originally expected in the Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (the latter available free by download to all interested readers.